Friday, April 7, 2017

Ethernet frame and Ethernet Packet

MAC is 6pairs of hex symbols - each hex symbol is 4bits:
4x2:4x2:4x2:4x2:4x2:4x2
8:8:8:8:8:8
8x6=48bits 48bits are 6bytes

Ethernet frame is data-link layer and consists of (sizes are in bytes):
6                   -> destination MAC
6                   -> source MAC
4(Optional)  -> 802.1Q tag
2                   -> type (IPv4 or IPv6)
46-1500        -> data
4                   -> FCS
Ethernet frame overall size:
1) 802.3 frame:
header (6+6+2)+data(46-1500)+trailer(4) -> 64-1518
2) 802.1Q frame:
header (6+6+4+2)+data(46-1500)+trailer(4) -> 68-1522

Ethernet packet is physical layer and consists of (sizes are in bytes ):
7                           -> preamble (7 same bytes each equals 10101010)
1                           -> SFD (Start Frame Delimiter - 10101011)
64|68-1518|1522  -> either 802.3 or 802.1Q Ethernet frame
Ethernet packet overall size:
1) with 802.3 frame:
(7+1)+(64-1518 ) -> 72-1526
2) with 802.1Q frame:
(7+1)+(68-1522)  -> 76-1530

Also 12byte IPG (Inter Packet Gap) is used as minimal pause between Ethernet packets.

So Ethernet payload is 46-1500 bytes and Ethernet overhead is:
1) for Ethernet frame - 6+6+2+4=18 bytes or 22 bytes if 802.1Q is used
2) for Ethernet packet - Ethernet frame overhead (18 or 22) + 8 -> 26 - 30
3) if we'll also take IPG into consideration -> 12 + (26|30) -> 38 - 42


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